Lenses and techniques :
Wide-angle lenses are a great choice for photographing environmental portraits, where you want to show a person within a specific context. However, wide-angle lenses used close-up will distort facial features and create unflattering pictures.
A standard lens or a short telephoto lens is a better choice for portraits. The classic portrait focal lengths for a full-frame camera are 50mm, 85mm prime lenses and a 70-200mm zoom. These will help to compress features and provide a more natural-looking result.
A macro lens used in macro or "close-up" photography is any lens that produces an image on the focal plane that is the same size or larger than the subject being imaged. This configuration is generally used to image close-up very small subjects.
Zoom lenses, have a focal length that varies as internal elements are moved, typically by rotating the barrel or pressing a button which activates an electric motor. Commonly, the lens may zoom from moderate wide-angle, through normal, to moderate telephoto; or from normal to extreme telephoto.
A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image.
The effect bokeh is created through the shapes that are out of focus in the image, it is usually created from lit objects to give a more effective technique.I think a 50mm lens would help form bokeh, with an fnumber of around 2.8. Through research i have found to increase the effect of bokeh distance between the background and subject needs to be greater.
To form a silhouette a subject needs to be in front of a source of light be that artificial or natural e.g. the sun. this technique is quite easy to create, although I think more thought needs to be given the composition to make a more interesting image.
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